Shared ownership explained: Pros, cons and how it works

headshot of writer Tony Huynh
Tony Huynh
August 1, 2024
A luxury vacation home with a pool and modern design.
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The median home price in the United States is $439,716, which is a 5% increase compared to the same time last year, according to Redfin. For first-time buyers and those without equity, this is intimidating — so shared home ownership might be the answer. This approach to property acquisition allows you to co-own a primary or secondary home, making ownership more accessible with a lower initial investment. But before diving in, weighing the pros and cons is crucial. Let's explore how shared ownership works, its advantages and potential drawbacks before deciding if it's the right path for you.
What is shared ownership?
Shared ownership is a type of homeownership where you co-own a property with someone else. Expenses and equity may be split proportionally.

How shared ownership works

In shared ownership, co-owners divide the value of a home into shares, with each share of the property worth a certain percentage or fraction of the home. The co-owners can determine these percentages based on any number of factors, including but not limited to:
  • Primary residences: The square footage each co-owner will utilize
  • Second homes: The amount of time each co-owner will spend in the vacation home 
  • Investment properties: The amount of money each co-owner is willing to invest 
Some programs even allow you to gradually increase your ownership percentage over time, known as “staircasing.” This can give you more control and potentially greater equity growth.
A graphic shares the three 3 types of share ownership models.
The type that’s best for you will depend on your goals, financial situation and desired structure with your co-owners. Always talk through your options with an attorney.

Joint tenancy

Joint tenancy occurs when all property co-owners hold the title to the property. If one dies, the “rights of survivorship” dictate that their share in the property will automatically transfer to their surviving co-owners without the hassle and cost of probate. One downside to joint tenancy is that you can’t choose anyone outside your co-owners to inherit your share in the property. It’s also worth knowing that if your co-owner has unpaid debts, a creditor can force a sale, which will also affect your share.

Tenancy in common

With tenancy in common, multiple owners hold individual deeds for a percentage of the property, and shares do not have to be equally split. As a co-owner, you have the right to transfer your share of the property to anyone you choose through your will. You can also sell your shares without the consent of other tenants. But remember that if another co-owner passes away or chooses to sell, you may be stuck sharing ownership with an unfamiliar new co-owner.

Limited liability corporation (LLC)

When you form a multi-member LLC with other co-owners, you create a separate legal entity that can enter into contracts and purchase property much like an individual. Separating the finances of the LLC from the finances of the LLC owners limits the financial liability of the co-owners within the LLC. LLCs have been used primarily for investment purposes, but companies like Pacaso now use co-ownership LLCs to make purchasing second homes easier. The only downsides of an LLC are that you can’t deduct your property taxes or mortgage interest on your personal taxes, and you won’t qualify for the capital gains tax exclusion if you sell your home.

Shared ownership pros and cons

Weighing the pros and cons of home ownership and vacation home ownership alongside your financial goals and risk tolerance will help you decide if shared ownership is the right path for you.

Benefits of shared ownership

Shared ownership offers a unique path to property ownership, especially for those facing challenges with traditional affordability hurdles. Here's a breakdown of the key advantages:
  • Lower upfront cost: The down payment and overall purchase price are significantly lower than buying a whole property alone, making homeownership more accessible.
  • Shared expenses and responsibilities: Maintenance costs, repairs, utilities, and even upkeep tasks are shared with your co-owner, easing the financial burden and workload.
  • Faster path to homeownership: Shared ownership allows entry into the property market with a smaller investment compared to a traditional mortgage.
  • Potential for equity growth: As the property value increases, your shared ownership stake grows in value, too, building equity over time.
  • Option for vacation homes: Shared ownership can make vacation home ownership more attainable by splitting the cost and usage with others.
The lower upfront costs, shared expenses, and potential for equity growth make shared ownership compelling. However, it’s also crucial to carefully consider your financial situation, risk tolerance, and long-term goals.

Cons of shared ownership

While shared ownership offers an attractive entry point, it's essential to consider the potential drawbacks before deciding:
  • Limited control: Decisions regarding renovations or property changes require agreement with your co-owner, potentially leading to delays or disagreements.
  • Finding compatible co-owners: Compatibility with your co-owner in terms of financial goals and living styles is crucial for a smooth experience.
  • Exit strategy challenges: Selling your shared ownership stake or exiting the scheme might be more complex than selling a traditional property.
  • Rent on top of mortgage: You'll still pay rent on the portion of the property you don't own, alongside your mortgage payments.
  • Restrictions on the property: There might be limitations on renting out your shared ownership property, making major modifications or hiring a property manager.
The limitations on control, challenges in finding compatible co-owners, and complexities associated with exiting the scheme require careful consideration. 

Reasons to try shared ownership homes

There are multiple reasons why you may want to own multiple homes under a shared ownership model.
A graphic shares shared ownership considerations.
Here are a few reasons why people choose shared ownership in a primary or secondary home.

Reduce the purchase price 

The most common reason to share ownership in a home is to reduce the financial burden on the owners. Two or more individuals can apply for a joint mortgage and share the payments. The lender will consider every applicant’s income, credit score and debt-to-income ratio. If some of the applicants are stronger financially in areas where others are weaker, this can benefit all parties involved.

Make a purchase possible when one party has poor credit

If one person’s credit could negatively impact a mortgage application, they might not want to pursue a joint mortgage. In this case, they might supply the down payment on the home and let the other parties with better credit hold the mortgage in their name. Depending on their agreement, they may leave it at that, or the person with poor credit may continue to pay a portion of the mortgage payment each month to increase their share in the home over time. 

Relieve a financial burden on an existing property

If an individual faces financial hardship but has owned their first or second home for a while, they may invite someone else to purchase a share in the home in exchange for the right to live there full or part-time. The co-owner can give the owner a lump sum, or they can take over all or some of the mortgage payments — or any combination of these. No matter how or why you choose to share ownership in a home, it’s always a good idea to have a lawyer draw up a contract so that the property co-owners can understand and agree to their financial responsibilities in the shared ownership agreement. 

Achieve vacation home ownership

Owning a vacation home can be a dream come true. However, traditional second home financing can be a significant hurdle. Shared ownership offers a unique solution. By co-owning a vacation property with others, you can split the cost of purchase, maintenance and upkeep. This makes the dream of vacation home ownership more accessible, allowing you to enjoy a dedicated escape without the financial burden of a sole owner.

Co-own a vacation home with Pacaso

Shared ownership presents a compelling option for those seeking a foothold on the property ladder or a more affordable route to vacation home ownership. However, it's not a one-size-fits-all solution. Carefully consider your financial situation, risk tolerance and long-term goals. If you value flexibility and affordability — and are comfortable with shared responsibility — shared ownership could be your gateway to property ownership. Mitigate the risks of DIY co-ownership by partnering with a luxury vacation home provider like Pacaso. We offer professionally designed and managed second home in top destinations.

Shared ownership FAQ

01: Can I purchase any property on a shared ownership basis?

No, shared ownership isn't available for all properties.

02: Is shared ownership better than renting?

It depends. Shared ownership offers potential equity growth, but you'll have ongoing costs like a mortgage and maintenance. Renting provides flexibility, but you won't build equity.

03: What are the eligibility rules for shared ownership?

Eligibility varies, but it often considers income, household size, ability to afford a mortgage and ongoing costs.

04: Is shared ownership risky?

Like with any major purchase, there are some risks. However, risk is also split between all parties since expenses and responsibilities are shared.

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