Questions (and answers) about buying a second home for investment

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Kasey Tross
November 19, 2024
A couple explores the option of buying a second home for investment with a real estate agent.
With careful planning, buying a second home for investment purposes can potentially help you generate passive income and prepare you for an early retirement.
What is an investment property, you ask? If you plan to generate income from value appreciation or renting, your second home can become an investment property. Unlike conventional investment products such as mutual funds and stocks, purchasing a second home for investment entails additional costs like maintenance, insurance and property taxes. But it also may offer some tax benefits.A simple cost/benefit analysis can help you decide if a second home investment property is right for you. Answering the following questions can also point you in the right direction.

How much do second homes really cost?

The median U.S. home price is $389,500. However, the sales price of your second home is just the first expense in your “business” as a second home owner. To truly understand the financial responsibilities of second home ownership, be sure to budget for:
  • Property taxes
  • Utilities
  • Repairs
  • Homeowners Insurance
  • Property maintenance
  • HOA fees (if required)
  • Furnishings/household necessities
  • A property manager (if needed)
It’s also important to consider the non-monetary costs. It takes considerable time and energy to maintain a second home and/or be a landlord if you rent it out. But remember: Both the sweat equity and cash you put into a second home could increase your return on investment.

How will you use the property?

Most people invest in second homes for one of three investment purposes: 
  1. A personal vacation asset to hold for later resale
  2. A short-term rental property for a variable income stream
  3. A long-term rental property for a sustained income stream
Each reason has pros and cons as an investment tool, and it’s important to understand the differences between a rental home and a second home before investing. 

1. Personal vacation asset for later resale

If you’re buying a home as an investment but have no intention of renting it out, your purchase falls under this category.
ProsCons
Allows you to enjoy your second home whenever you wantProvides no active income streams
May not require a property managerRequires higher insurance rates because it's not a primary residence
Avoids hassles and damage from rentersMay require paid services for lawn care and snow removal
Easier to finance than a rental property
Buying a second house to rent is a different story.

2. Short-term rental

Renting out a second home to short-term tenants has grown in popularity. Here’s what you need to know about doing the same with your property.
ProsCons
Can use it as a personal vacation homeMore expensive in popular destinations
Generates an income stream to help defray mortgage and maintenance costsMust be furnished and decorated upfront
Undergoes frequent maintenance and cleaning for guests, helping it maintain valueRequires you to maintain an active listing on a short-term rental site
Positions you as the responsible party for guest problems, complaints, etc.
May not be allowed under HOA regulations or local laws
May not provide consistent income if reservations fluctuate
May require a business insurance policy in addition to higher insurance rates
The other way to convert a second home to an investment property is to find long-term tenants.

3. Long-term rental

Long-term rentals are like the “set it and forget it” option of the real estate world, but you still need to be prepared for the investment.
ProsCons
Provides a reasonably consistent income streamMay not be as lucrative as a short-term rental
Requires less work than a short-term rentalPuts more wear and tear on the house than short-term rentals
Allows you to vet home occupants before renting to themMay create additional hassle if renters don't pay
Doesn’t require furnishing, decorating or household itemsMay sit vacant for long periods without viable rental applicants
The second home investment type you decide to go with will also come with specific differences in taxes.

What are the mortgage and tax differences between types of properties?

When considering investing in a second home, you can expect higher interest rates, down payments and credit score requirements on a mortgage for investment properties compared to primary and second homes.The criteria lenders use to determine taxable rental income and tax benefits for second homes are often similar to those the IRS and tax professionals use. Tax benefits for investment properties include deductions for rental expenses, depreciation and losses.The following general rules apply:A second home:
  • Must be occupied by the owner for 14 days or more each year
  • Cannot be used as a rental property for more than 180 days each year
  • Must be located at least 50 miles from the owner’s primary home 
An investment property: 
  • Is used by the owner(s) fewer than 14 days each year
  • May be used as a rental property for any period
  • May be within 50 miles of your primary residence
Use these differences in lending terms and taxes to help inform your decision about how to use the property.

Will I get a good return on my investment?

To determine how much you’ll make from renting out a second home — and when you can expect a return on your investment — you will want to research the average rent occupancy rates and real estate appreciation in the area where you’re looking to buy. Factor all the above in, along with an emergency fund to pay for unexpected maintenance and mortgage payments (for months with no renters) and a budget for property management, if needed. If you’re aiming for future resale, create a timeline and budget for property improvements to increase the home’s resale value. Once you’ve calculated the costs, weighed all the pros and cons, and decided on the best way to use your property, you should know if a second home “business” is a smart investment for you.
A flowchart provides four questions people can use to guide their search when buying a second home for investment.

Co-ownership option

If buying a second home for investment purposes sounds like too much of a hassle, consider becoming a co-owner of a turnkey and fully managed vacation home with Pacaso. Own a share of a home, starting at 1/8, and enjoy it several times throughout the year while saving on the total cost of ownership. Plus, Pacaso takes care of the maintenance, taxes and bill payment responsibilities so you can focus on enjoying your second home. It's not a timeshare — you can sell your portion of ownership on the Pacaso marketplace if you decide later to move on. DISCLAIMER: This content is published solely for informational purposes and it is not intended to be investment advice. You should consult with an appropriate professional for specific advice tailored to your situation.

Buying a second home for investment FAQ

01: Is a second home considered an investment property?

How you use your second home will determine if it’s considered an investment property. Generally, a second home is one that you own in addition to your primary residence, and you will often use it for personal enjoyment, vacations or as a seasonal residence.

Renting out your second home to generate income may be categorized as an investment property.

02: Is buying a second home a good investment?

Whether buying a second home is a good investment depends on various factors, including your financial goals, the intended use of the property and market conditions. 

If the property appreciates and generates rental income, it can be a sound investment. But always carefully consider the costs, potential risks and your personal financial circumstances.

03: Which is better for taxes: A second home or investment property?

Since an investment home is considered a business, it is eligible for many tax breaks, like deducting operating expenses. A second home is also eligible for certain tax breaks, but the owner must meet specific usage criteria, like renting it out for less than 180 days per year.

04: What is the 2% rule in real estate?

The 2% rule helps landlords determine how much they should charge for rent. The rule states that the monthly rent for the property should equal 2% of the purchase price at the very least.

05: What is the 70% rule in house flipping?

The 70% rule in house flipping, also known as the golden rule, helps buyers decide how much they should pay. The rule says that a house flipper should not offer more than 70% of the home’s after-repair value to buy the house. This figure should account for the estimated cost of repairs.

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